Recently an old colleague, Dr Andrew Rogoyski, came to lecture to our MSc students on how government deals with cyber security. Dr Rogoyski has studied the interactions between government and industry and his talk led to a key question for which there was a surprising range of views. The question? When and how should government get involved in cyber security?

The UK has the most Internet-centric economy in the G20 group of industrialised nations according to research by the Boston Consulting Group released in March 2012. It estimates that the UK’s internet economy was worth £121bn in 2010, more than £2,000 per person. Couple this with the knowledge that approximately 20 threats per second are discovered on the Internet, and it’s not surprising that UK government lists cyber security as a “Tier 1 Threat”, alongside terrorism. However, recognising the threat is slightly different from actually doing something about it.

Governments now recognise that there is a strong economic advantage in having a secure digital infrastructure. In order to attract businesses to your economy increasingly you need to demonstrate that your country is a safe place to conduct Internet-based business. Booz-Allen reports on this aspect of a countries with its cyber hub index.

Interestingly the UK and the US are seen as the safest places for Internet based business. This has resulted in several large corporations quietly reversing the recent trend to relocate business to the developing world to reduce costs. Ensuring security has become as important, if not more important, a business driver for governments as cost. When a country loses its AAA credit score for a ratings agency, it makes headlines. I predict it will not be long before similar importance is attached to measures such as the Booz Allen cyber hub index.

But in order to ensure a safe environment, where does government responsibility end and business responsibility begin? In November 2011, the UK government hosted the first intra-governmental conference on the cyber threat, at which time they issued a revised cyber-security strategy. As well as discussing the usual topics of the threat from cybercrime, espionage and warfare, the conference saw the debate begin at governmental level as to where responsibility lies for protecting key assets on the Internet. When the national interest is threatened, responsibility for protection lies primarily with the state, but many governments are powerless in the case of the cyber threat, for a variety of reasons.

A significant difficulty in protecting critical national assets is that the Internet is primarily run by private companies or non-governmental organisations. That’s true even in the case of  critical national infrastructure such as utilities, which are vulnerable to attack via the Internet. Most of the infrastructure and services that underpin national digital infrastructures are run by private companies such as HP, Fujitsu, IBM, Verizon, BT and others. Even the key technologies employed to sit on top of the infrastructure are developed by private companies ranging from Google, to Microsoft, to Apple plus a raft of much smaller start-ups, some of whom you will never have heard. The level of investment produced by these companies dwarfs those made by governments.

For example, the UK’s National Cyber Security Programme is making available a total of GBP650 million (USD1.01 billion) over four years. This money is intended to be part of a programme whereby government works with businesses, as well as protecting governmental assets. But this money is lost when you think, for example, of cyber security company Symantec spending USD862 million in 2011 alone on research and development. Similarly, Microsoft spent USD8.7 billion in 2010 and Google USD3.7 billion. The disparity between individual government spend, and that they are used to procuring systems over many years rather than at the speed at which Internet technologies change, means that governments find it very difficult to engage with private businesses.

So what have governments done in response to this situation? Well, they have acted in remarkably different ways.

For example, you might imagine the all-out attack on Estonia in 2007 would have led to an aggressive response. Instead it led to the formation of the Co-operative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCD COE). The purpose of CCD COE is to understand the cyber threat as it develops and thence to prevent those attacks. This is an approach which has received the full backing of NATO. Meanwhile, the EU has created the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) to act as a hub for the exchange of information, best practices and knowledge in the field of information security.

Other governments have adopted a more militaristic approach. In May 2010, the United States Cyber Command, part of the US Strategic Command, became operational. Cyber Command is not just there for the operations and defence of specified Department of Defense information networks but also to carry out “full spectrum military cyberspace operations”. Similarly, Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu announced in May 2011 that the country would set up a cyber-defence task force to defend Israel’s vital infrastructure from cyber-attacks.

Regardless of style of approach one common theme has emerged: the key to effective defence against the rapidly evolving threat is shared intelligence. The studies conducted by Dr Rogoyski showed that what business wants most from government is Information Sharing and Awareness Raising. And, intelligence is one thing that governments do have.

They are now looking for ways of sharing sensitive information, that they might otherwise be unhappy to share as it might reveal the source of the information, with those who are directly affected by it. In the US in 2011, the Department of Defense launched a new pilot programme, the Defense Industrial Base Cyber-Pilot, in which it shares classified threat intelligence with around 20 defence contractors or their commercial internet service providers. Although the initial scope of Defense Industrial Cyber-Pilot was to help protect government network, it doesn’t take a great leap of imagination to see how this can become a two way process, especially in areas such as power, transportation and energy. The success of this scheme resulted in it being extended in September 2011 to include more private organisation. It has, however, highlighted in the public consciousness that the military are involved in protecting the Internet, and the debate continues as to whether it should be the Department for Homeland Security of the DoD that has such a responsibility. Either way, the positive aspect is that it is happening.

In the UK, the private sector is not necessarily waiting for government direction. For example, a financial services virtual task force has been formed by several large banks. This task force co-operates with the Metropolitan Police and exchanges information on threats and attacks as rapidly as possible. This has proved to be a very effective approach and has led to a number of successful prosecutions. Another information exchange is being set up by Intellect and ADS, UK hi-tech trade associations.

The emergence in 2011 of the infamous Stuxnet virus has highlighted how vulnerable critical national infrastructure is, and this has given a jolt to all those thinking about Internet security from a governmental perspective. Even if it were just a commercial issue, cyber security (and certainly the perception of it) can dramatically affect a nation’s fortune in the modern world. The fact that someone can potentially turn off the water, lights and stop the trains makes people think quite differently about what is a “stable” country, and will certainly influence anyone trying to decide whether to base their business in a country.

However, it is clear that unlike many historical threats to national wellbeing, this threat can only be checked by the closest collaboration possible between government and business. Business must be focussed on ensuring that this happens, and government must be more willing to share what it knows than it has been previously.

With news only this week that the Duqu virus (evil son of Stuxnet) has been found in the wild in a new variant, we can see that the threats are becoming more advanced and more persistent, and perhaps most worry of all, more targeted. Governments and business have a relatively small window in time to put in place the necessary mechanisms to share information such that it can be acted upon quickly enough to prevent damage. For those countries that don’t do this, they will rapidly realise that whilst in the past people “voted with their feet”, these days people “vote with their mouse” and it takes a lot less time lose trust in the Internet age than ever it did before.

A second motivational speech was given by Professor Dave Robertson, the Head of School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh, who enthused the crowd by offering a highly captivating overview of current research trends in computer science and concluded his talk by encouraging our research community not to shy away from the option of being self employed, as a vehicle for trail blazing new trends and schools of thought with regards to computing. This philosophy seemed to complement Professor Chris France’s foreword for the Conference’s programme.

The 9^th Annual Computing Department PhD Conference culminated with the giving of prizes and below is the list of categories and winners.

Best Paper

Mr Panagiotis Ioannou, for his paper ‘Effect of Spiking Network Parameters on Polychronization’. He received an Amazon gift voucher for £60, sponsored by BCS and awarded by Dr Roger Peel.

Best Paper Presentation (1)

Mr Wissam Albukhanajer, for his presentation of the paper ‘Image Identification Using Evolutionary Trace Transform for Copyright Protection’. He received an Amazon gift voucher for £40, sponsored by the Computing Department.

Best Paper Presentation (2)

Miss Kendi Muchungi, for her presentation of the paper ‘Computation Simulation of Light Adaptation Incorporating Rod-Cone Coupling’.  She received a Kindle, provided by IBM UK’s, Mr Steve Legg.

Best Paper Review

Mr Matthew Karlsen, who received a £20 Amazon gift voucher sponsored by the Computing Department.

Best Poster

Mrs Areej Alfraih, for her poster entitled ‘Chromatic Aberration Estimation for Image Splicing Detection’.  She received an Amazon gift voucher for £40, sponsored by BCS and awarded by Dr Roger Peel.

Best Research Potential

Mr Brian Gardner, for his poster entitled ‘Neurocomputational Model of Foraging Behaviour based on Reinforcement Learning’.  He received an Amazon gift voucher for £20, sponsored by the Computing Department.

As is the case with any event, its realisation is only as good as its facilitation and for this event, a debt of gratitude is owed to Mr Nick Ryman-Tubb, who ensured proceedings run smoothly and on time. A natural outcome was therefore that the event was a resounding success, not in the least because of the overwhelming show of support from both industry and academia.

Sponsors: Intellas UK, BCS, IBM, Detica, Memset, Thoughtified

Organising Committee: Dr Lilian Tang, Mrs Maggie Burton, Miss Anna Vartapetiance (PhD Rep), Mr Kostas Eftaxias (PhD Rep), Miss Tameera Rahman (PhD Rep), Mr Aasis Vinayak (PhD Rep), Miss Kendi Muchungi (PhD Rep), Mr Christopher Smith, Mr Spencer Thomas

Academic Reviewers: Dr Matthew Casey, Dr Andre Gruning, Prof Yaochu Jin, Dr Shujun Li, Dr Mark Manulis, Dr Sotiris Moschoyannis, Dr Lilian Tang, Dr Helen Treharne (all University of Surrey)

Judges: Prof Steve Schneider (University of Surrey), Prof Dave Robertson (University of Edinburgh), Mr Steve Legg (IBM UK), Dr John Baxter (University of Surrey), Dr Dawn Duke (University of Surrey),

Photographer/Videographer: Mr Ghulam Qadir

Attendance and Encouragement: Prof Sir Christopher Snowden (Vice Chancellor, University of Surrey), Prof Chris France, Associate Dean of Postgraduate Research Students, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Prof Jonathan Seville (Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences), Computing Department Staff and PGRs

After graduating at Surrey, I had the chance to start my career as a mobile developer (or mobile monkey as I like to call it). More precisely, I started doing Android and iOS applications. It has given me a deeper view of computing on the go.

Since the beginnings of computing, similarly to other engineer fields, we have excelled ourselves on producing smaller, more powerful and efficient products. Whenever we think we are at the summit, we find that there is still a long and exciting way to go up. This shrinking of hardware size has meant that now it’s possible to carry the power of what used to be a mainframe, occupying entire rooms, inside our pockets or backpacks. Something that my grandfather thinks is pure science fiction, even though he has one of them.

There is no doubt that technology has found a great place in our lives. It’s changing the way we live and interact with each other. Recently, Stephen Hawking said: “The Human Species Has Entered a New Stage of Evolution”. He talked about how, at this point in time, information is created and transferred by humans at very high rates. About 50,000 books are published in English every year. Much of this information may not be useful at all. However, as Hawking mentions, this process mimics the way we instinctually have transferred information through natural selection by the means of DNA. Creating useful and not so useful data that is discriminated if needed to disappear.

The jump of computers, and the Internet, to our pockets means that we are continually producing and consuming information. It could be “tweeting” how nice the tomato sauce is at your favourite italian restaurant or reporting on natural disasters. It can also increase people’s creativity and allows ideas (whether useful or not) to be promoted, shared and kept alive.

I truly agree with Hawking’s statement and believe we are very lucky to live the time we do. I sometimes have a thought that makes me rejoice. I look at all the things we are capable of engineer today. Travel back 100 years in my head, and realize that no one at that time has even a mere speculation of what the future is bringing. Coming back to the present I realize that what is coming up in the future is going to be beyond incredible. Often, I try to get my mind to imagine what future technology will be like.

Generally, it could be say that what is coming is going to be incredible, it’s going to change our lives to even more extents and mobile technology is going to have a leading part in this process.

400PB*.  The storage capacity (we assumed) of Google.

On the 23rd of November 2011, for just under two hours, Google’s Andrew Walker came to the University of Surrey to give an extremely interactive lecture (it felt more like a discussion), titled “Designing a Search Engine”. During the lecture he led us through a series of questions in which we gave answers on how we would build a search engine if it were up to us.

And he started by asking a simple question. How would you design a search engine?

So we began, piece by piece we went through some of the considerations that Google go through on a daily basis. As actual figures were not available to the public, we made assumptions. 1 billion searches a day would mean 12,500 searches a second, and 250TB of data transferred per day (assuming each results page is 200 kb/s). A very interesting fact I wasn’t aware of is that Google actually builds its own hard drives and replaces one on average once every 30 minutes.

We discussed what people want when it comes to a search engine, and also the legal obligations Google has. We also discussed the Bing controversy (when Bing was found to be ‘copying’ Google’s search results) and the various services that are tweaked for local users. For example, there is no Google Image Search in Germany because the person that serves the content (which potentially could be child pornography) is legally liable, and not the poster.

We were also told about the atmosphere at Google, and the activities that occur on a daily basis. As you would expect from a technology company, if you have an idea but not evidence (such as a graph) then the idea will go nowhere.

We learnt about an idea that once existed at Google, a box that could see what you were watching on TV, as well as listen to the conversations you were having, and then display relevant ads on the screen. This idea was apparently killed off, because it was perceived that people might find it very creepy.

This was rounded off by some information about the advertisements they serve and the rules that they have about adverts (they cannot be offensive etc), as well as a Q&A session.

Overall I would say the event was one of the best I’ve ever been to, and I think many of the other attendees would agree. I would like to thank CompSoc for making the event possible, as well as Andrew for coming to the university.

*(1 petabyte = 1 million gigabytes = 1 thousand terabytes)

IBM technology is all around us. From ATMs to Playstations, we cannot escape the fact that one of the largest companies in the world has had an impact on our lives. But what is it like to work for such a company? This year, I applied for a placement as part of my sandwich course and was invited to work here for one year. Whether you’re thinking of applying for a placement, or you’re thinking of getting a job right after graduating, let me tell you why IBM should be your first choice.

Fancy working here for a year? With a placement at IBM, you just might!

Working at a large organisation such as IBM provides many benefits and rewards. With its placement scheme, not only do you get a lot of skills and experience from your day job, but you also have a lot of fantastic opportunities to broaden your skills and really make your CV shine. As an IBM employee, you are given tasks that carry real responsibility, and there are people who will rely on you to get them done. You are able to push yourself, and the more you push, the more you will achieve.

But enough about me rambling on, I’m sure you want to know what I get up to on a typical day. First thing’s first, I pack my bag, which has the most crucial piece of equipment: my laptop. IBM has a wonderful scheme that means that desktops are no longer the norm within the workplace, and that you are as portable as you want to be. You are assigned a desk, but from that point on, you are able to work outside, during a meeting, or even work from home. Once I arrive on site, I plug my laptop into my docking station, and get stuck in, reading and replying to emails, loading up the applications I will be using throughout the day. I also take out my trusty notebook and pen. Call me old-fashioned, but I am a sucker for writing things by hand; it’s extremely convenient when you need a line number from a piece of code, or the name of a method that you are certain will slip your mind sooner or later.

Bright and early, paper at the ready, ready for another day of work

My current role is developing a piece of tooling software called APT. APT is a tool used by various members of the department and plays a crucial role in mirroring information between 2 (now 3) different systems. Unfortunately it has a wonderful habit of breaking (this is a result of many years of different placement students developing the same tool and the end result being spaghetti code), so my job is to fix any coding errors, as well as add any functionality that the department needs. You will be happy to know that it is developed in Java, and I’m also using the very familiar Eclipse IDE, so for those of you who are worried that your skill-set is not suitable for IBM, have no fear! Throughout the morning, I usually continue on a bug I started working on yesterday, as well as making notes as I go along. I also have an occasional chat with my supervisor, Jason, who sits right behind me, to get a quick idea of how I’m progressing with a specific task. Like the student who worked on APT before me says, “It’s usually a good day if Jason hasn’t said to you ‘What have you broken this time!?’”.

By lunchtime, I am satisfied with my current work and I make my code live, but before this, I also submit a copy for Jason to review, who can check to ensure I haven’t made any mistakes. He also makes suggestions on how I can improve the code further, which is a big bonus. For lunch, me and some other placement students head to the canteen, or if it’s a nice day, sit outside Hursley House and take in the fresh air.

After lunch, it’s a quick rest, then straight to see my professional development manager, Cathy, for a half-hour meeting. As a placement student, I am assigned someone who oversees my work, and makes sure that I am happy with what I am tasked with doing. Cathy is also there to help me develop my personal and professional skills, and we try to work out my career paths for the future. These meetings are extremely helpful and give me an insight into what I want to do in the future after graduating.

As you may or may not know, IBM recently turned 100, and as part of their centennial celebrations, they have asked all employees to pledge 8 hours of community work, also known as GiveBack. For my GiveBack, I volunteered to educate non-technical placement students basic Java for around 2 hours each week. Although our class is rather small with just 4 students, I get a strong sense of satisfaction from teaching, and always try my best to make sure lessons are informative, as well as interesting, as we all know that learning any programming language isn’t a walk in the park! You may have also seen me at a recent talk with the computing students where I gave a presentation to encourage current level 2 students to apply for IBM for their placement year. That’s right, it also counts as GiveBack, but more importantly, builds on your communication and presentation skills, which future employers always love to see.

By late afternoon, I’m working on multiple bugs, creating new versions of APT, getting them checked and making them live. I also have a short meeting with Jason at my desk, and I present to him what I’ve been working on. These meetings are usually the most beneficial to myself, as I can see the progress I am making, as well as being able to get feedback, which in turn allows me to better myself at coding.

By 5.00, I’m feeling the urge to put APT behind me for another day. An email pops up telling me APT has failed trying to process something, but I’ll let the me of tomorrow worry about that.

Such fancy decorations usually means an abundance of cake later on!

So why tasty working? Well, I’ve learnt it’s customary within IBM to bring in cakes to celebrate whatever event happens to be on, whether it’s someone’s birthday, or even when you’ve broken something and you need to befriend your colleagues again after all the grief you’ve caused them. I’m sure I’m overdue for bringing in a cake, but no one has noticed yet! Nevertheless, the joys cake and doughnuts bring ensure everyone is kept happy, hard working, and full of sugar.

As someone who is a unusual mixture of physicist, engineer, statistician and computer scientist, I have long known the value of being able to visualise your data. As computing power and data storage capacities have increased there has been a tendency to suffer from data overload. Consequently, being able to dynamically manipulate large data sets and use that data to create visual representations, can lead to insights that would simply not result from poring over the raw data.

Florence Nightingale (yes that Florence Nightingale) was one of the first to use graphical representations to demonstrate publicly the poor conditions being suffered in the Crimea by British soldiers. And, we’ve all seen bar charts, spider diagrams and so on. But such simple tools have long since ceased to enable us to visualise the volumes and types of data that modern science needs to analyse. Enter the Allosphere.

The Allopshere was created back in 2008. However, increasing experience of how to use it, and advances in the supercomputers that do the hard work, has meant that the Allopshere is now enabling analysis of physical phenomenon that are truly remarkable, and rather beautiful to watch.

So, what is the Allosphere? The most obvious feature is the huge sphere within which images can be projected. Not surprisingly it can be in 3D, but most importantly you can immerse yourself within your data, your equations or the images you have taken.

It looks like something out of a science fiction movie, and can accommodate upwards of 30 researchers who can stand together, deep within representations of their data, manipulate it using wireless joysticks, and together consider what the data is telling them:

Of course, none of this would be possible without the computing power that lies, unseen, in its air-conditioned hall. The processing power that has been assembled is really impressive. More impressive still is the way in which that has been combined to produce an “supercomputer”. The key is the algorithms and the software to implement them, without which the supercomputer would be a very expensive heating system. Those at the Allopshere have been developing some, frankly, inspired pieces of software. And, they don’t keep it all to themselves. They regularly contribute to Open Source projects, which I would encourage you to go visit. These include:

Gamma – Genetics Synthesis Library
Cosm – extensions to Max/MSP/Jitter for buioding immersive environments
LuaAV – extension to Lua for tight coupling of computation and disaply of data and sound
CSL – the Create Signal Library for sound generation
Device Server – for linking remote devices like wiimotes, joysticks and a lot more
Stereo – for rendering stereo imagery
GLV- a GUI based toolset for developing interfaces to real-time systems

So, what does all of that add up to? Well, it has now reached the point where you can walk through the nano-scale world and view data representing the multimodal quantum mechaincs at work:

I strongly encourage anyone to listen to Professor JoAnn Kuchera-Morin (Director of the Allopshere) in the TED talk she gave two years ago. I, for one, hope she does another very soon.

Computer hackers have disrupted the water supply in an area of the US in the latest cyber attack on infrastructure services.

Whilst nations have been concentrating on protecting obvious cyber security targets, such as financial institutions, leaving concerted international action to protect our infrastructure until the lights start going out and the water no longer comes out of the tap will be too late.

Iran and Norway have also recently come under cyber attack. Hackers are becoming more interested in the critical infrastructure of nations around the world.

Whether the motive for these attacks is cybercrime, cyber warfare or activism is almost irrelevant as what it highlights is that the vast majority of the world’s critical national infrastructure is vulnerable.

Surrey CompSoc is the Computing Society at Surrey. It exists to develop on what is learned in lectures to have fun with computers. We work with both the department and the Students’ Union to provide guest lectures, trips, events and projects.

Anyone with even the remotest interest in computing is welcome. We’re investigating other regions of the industry to what is covered in the Computing course, and some programming knowledge could come in useful if you’d like to take a role in coding for us, but other aspects of our work don’t have that requirement.

As for what we do, we’ve got a number of activities running or in development at the moment, including:

Mindstorms Robot construction: The Computing department have been kind enough to allow us to use a pair of Lego Mindstorms robots, which we’re using to build and program machines. We’re using both Lego’s flowchart-based software and the Java-based LeJOS platform to do this, so programming knowledge isn’t essential.

Android App Development: The Android SDK is a free download from Google’s website, and we’re working on producing a number of apps for Android phones. What’s great news for us is that Android development is done mainly in Java, which is taught by lecturers in the Computing department, so we don’t have to learn a new language. We’re going right from the bottom rungs of making a “hello world” app to fully fledged applications for the Android Market.

Web Development: We’re in touch with Surrey Entrepreneurs, who are giving us web development projects to create. These are real websites for real clients, and can be a great addition to any portfolio.

Guest Lecturers: We’re contacting big names in the industry to get talks in from staff about what the company is doing in the industry. So far, we’ve had a talk from Lionhead, who previewed an upcoming game, and one from Google is scheduled.

Trips: We’re going out to places, both to witness a bit of Computing history and to participate in competitions. We’ve got a trip to Bletchley Park in the works, where the WW2 codebreaking effort was based, and which now includes a Computing museum.  And we’re looking at competitions to participate in, both within the University and beyond.

So, in short, we’re looking to learn more about Computing, and get some great stuff for the future, but to have fun while we’re at it. We’d love to see more people taking part!

From October 23-26, the 10th International Workshop on Digital-forensics and Watermarking (IWDW’11) was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey in the USA. Myself and fellow Ph.D student Hui Wang joined our supervisor, Prof. Anthony T. S. Ho, to attend the conference where we were presenting our two papers on Digital Image Forensics and Digital Watermarking, respectively. The venue was Hilton Hotel and Casino Resort, which had great views of the Atlantic Ocean, and was located along the famous Boardwalk – a collection of shops, restaurants, and more casino’s that runs parallel to the beach.

The conference was well organised, and well attended by many like-minded researchers who were all very friendly and welcomed many open discussions on pretty much any security-related topic. Thankfully, when the topic of conversation was switched to my own research within Image Forensics, the interest continued – always a good boost for self-confidence!

As a Ph.D. student, it can be very easy to focus so much on your specific research problem that you overlook what is happening just outside your bubble. Conferences are a great way of reflecting on your work in the context of the bigger picture, and this was no exception to the rule.

Personally, I was excited to meet both Keynote speakers to this conference, Prof. Jessica Fridrich (SUNY Binghamton, New York) and Prof. Nasir Memon (Poytechnic Institute of New York University). Both are extremely distinguished researchers and pioneers in my field. To my pleasure, I learned at this conference that they are also very kind and humble – they were even happy to talk at length to me about my work, offer great words of encouragement, and even offer possible future work that I hadn’t thought of!

The Keynote presentations themselves were very enlightening. Prof. Fridrich highlighted some key challenges in Steganalysis, and the cat-and-mouse battle between detection and concealment. Prof. Memon gave an engaging insight into the key aspects of Digital Forensics – from rebuilding fragmented images from memory, to identifying the source of the image.

Of course, with every good conference comes a good social programme.  The Monday evening saw us enjoy a short (warm) walk to P.F Changs, for some amazing Chinese food – Sweet and Sour Chicken with Egg Rice is my recommendation to anyone travelling to America soon. The formal Banquet was held on Tuesday evening at the Hilton Casino Resort, where it was also announced that the next IWDW conference will be held in Shanghai, China.

Thanks to all the organisers of the IWDW’11 for a great experience.

I started the LED cube to mix my interest of electronics and computing into a small, fun and educational project that has incorporated the knowledge learnt at Surrey through both the programming and digital electronics modules.

Take a look on the following website to find out more:

http://www.zendevapps.com/blog/projects/led-cubes/